Subhash Chandra Garg- Economy, Finance and Fiscal Policy Strategist

  THE LABOUR REFORMS INDIA NEEDS For Faster Growth with Fairer Safety-Nets   SUBHASH CHANDRA GARG Economic, Finance and Fiscal Policy Strategy and Former Finance and Economic Affairs Secretary, Government of India     THE JOBS AND EMPLOYMENT CHALLENGE OF INDIA It is human labour which produce all economic goods and services, with skills, tools and technology. The households of labour also consume practically all of the economic goods and services produced. Human labour, therefore, has pre-eminent role in the entire economic system. Physical energy and manual skills make the primary labour force. In the agricultural age, the labour force used this labour to work the land to produce the agriculture crops. Acquisition of skills and invention of tools enabled the labour force to branch into handicrafts and handlooms. After invention of steam engine and electricity, machines started becoming more powerful. The machines expanded the range of goods which could be produced in

  RETHINKING CPSEs DISINVESTMENT POLICY   Creating a Sovereign Wealth Fund for Better Asset Management and Privatisation     SUBHASH CHANDRA GARG   Economic, Financial and Fiscal Policy Strategist and Former Finance and Economic Affairs Secretary, Government of India     Universe of CPSEs Assets There are two set of Central Public Sector Enterprises or CPSEs portfolio of assets- non-financial or real sector CPSUs and financial sector CPSUs. The Department of Public Enterprises publishes an annual survey of CPSEs. The Survey for 2018-19 was placed in the Parliament in February 2020. There were 348 CPSEs at end 2018-19 comprising 249 operating, 86 ‘under construction’ and 13 under closure/liquidation.   Total capital employed in all the CPSEs as on 31 st March 2019 was Rs. 26.34 lakh crore. The CPSEs had total ‘financial investment’ of Rs. 16.41 lakh crore, including total paid capital of Rs. 2.76 lakh crore. The accumulated Reserves and Surpluses of CPSEs at R